Gas Tungsten Arc Welding Process Research Articles

Fabrication and Characterization of Nickel‐Aluminide Cladding by Dual Wire arc Additive Manufacturing

Nickel aluminide is a widely utilized intermetallic compound, prized for its high strength, low density, and resistance to both corrosion and creep. This study investigates the impact of heat input during the fabrication of nickel‐aluminide intermetallic compounds using the dual‐wire gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) process. The results indicate that an increase in clad layer dilution from 28.9% to 33.4% reduces the amount of aluminum in the molten pool from 32.46 wt.% to 21.96 wt.%, while increasing the presence of the Ni3Al phase. Additionally, the NiAl phase decreases when moving from the upper side of the coating to the fusion line. When the arc current is increased from 110 A to 150 A, a coarse dendritic structure forms, and the dendritic arms increase from 2.6±0.4 µm to 5.5±0.3 µm. This increase in current also results in yield strength and tensile strength values of 500.21±14.56 MPa and 752.32±25.12 MPa, respectively, representing decreases of 15.2% and 5.1%. Furthermore, as the arc current increases from 110 A to 150 A, both the friction coefficient and the wear rate increase to 0.43 and 0.29±0.02 µg/m, respectively. However, corrosion resistance improves by 66.3%.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Effect of alloy 625 buffer layer on corrosion resistance of nickel base hardfacing

Nickel base hardfacing alloys serve to mitigate corrosion losses at elevated temperatures. Efficacy of Nickel base hardfacing alloys can be compromised when applied onto Fe base substrates due to iron dilution in hardfacing. The degree of Fe dilution can be reduced by using advanced deposition methods and optimized deposition parameters. Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) method is commonly employed for its cost-effectiveness and versatility, but it tends to induce higher Fe dilution due to increased heat input. This study aims to reduce the degree of Fe dilution and enhance corrosion resistance by introducing a nickel base buffer layer (alloy 625) between the nickel base hardfacing alloy and AISI 316L stainless steel substrate. For comparative purposes, Ni base hardfacing alloy was deposited on the substrate without any buffer layer. Hardfacing depositions were prepared using manual GTAW process. Process parameters namely, deposition current, voltage, travelling speed, pre-heating temperature, and cooling method were kept constant. Samples underwent aging at 1123 K for 4 h, followed by microstructural examination via optical and scanning electron microscopes. Iron (Fe) dilution quantification was performed using energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The EDS analysis showed that the use of buffer layer between the hardfaced deposit and the substrate decreased the degree of Fe dilution in the hardfaced deposit. X-Ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was performed to identify various phases formed in the hardfaced deposit. Potentiodynamic polarization test was performed to assess the corrosion resistance of hardfaced deposit in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. Results show significant improvement in corrosion resistance of hardfacings deposited sample with buffer layer as compared to those without buffer layer. Aging treatment further enhanced corrosion resistance. The corrosion resistance data is correlated with the microstructure and phases formed in various samples.

Characterization of the spin arc welding technique for dissimilar materials Hastelloy C-2000 and C-276

Hastelloy C-2000 and C-276 are primarily employed in the petrochemical and pharmaceutical industries. Finding an effective way to combine these alloys is still a complex task in industry. The main focus of this study is to investigate the potential efficacy of the spin arc welding process on Hastelloy C-2000 and C-276. The welding process was carried out under various conditions, such as weld current, spinning speed, and spin diameter. ERNiCrMo-4, with a diameter of 1.2 mm, was employed as a filler. Optical microscopy, XRD and FESEM were used for microstructural examination. The mechanical properties of the welded samples were critically analyzed. The results of the ultimate tensile strength (UTS), hardness value (HV), and impact tests of spin arc welding were compared with those of the multipass pulsed current gas tungsten arc welding process (MPCGTAW). In spin arc welding, Hastelloy C-2000 and C-276 exhibited higher UTS, HV, and toughness compared to MPCGTAW because there was no secondary TCP phase formation in the weld centre and hot cracking in spin arc weldments. Additionally, compared to MPCGTAW, the elongation with spin arc welding was noted to be lower. Moreover, microstructural analysis revealed no evidence of grain segregation, which may have contributed to the improved UTS and HV of the materials during spin arc welding. Thus, spin arc welding proves to be superior for dissimilar Hastelloy joints of C-2000 and C-276.

Effect of Cr on the high-temperature corrosion of dissimilar AISI 904L and Inconel 625 joints employed in the coal-fired thermal power plant tubes

ABSTRACT The hot corrosion behaviours of 5-mm-thick plates of dissimilar AISI 904L and Inconel 625 weldments produced by continuous current gas tungsten arc welding process using Ni-Cr-Mo-enriched filler wires (ERNiCrMo-4 and ERNiCrCoMo-1) were investigated. Optical microscopy was used to examine the microstructure of these weldments. The corrosion performance of the weldments and base metals was determined in the mixture of K2SO4 + 60% NaCl molten salt (MS) and air oxidation conditions at 700°C for 50 cycles. The thermogravimetric plots derived the corrosion kinetics of the weldments. The microstructure and the elemental analysis of the scales formed on the corroded samples were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy. The phases developed on the oxide layers during the corrosion were analysed using X-ray diffraction. The fusion zones of ERNiCrCoMo-1 weldment and AISI 904L base metal were vulnerable to degradation in the MS environment, causing severe cracks and spallation compared to ERNiCrCoMo-1 weldment.

Nickel-aluminide cladding on a steel substrate using dual wire arc additive manufacturing

In this study the nickel-aluminide intermetallic cladded on AISI 1010 steed using dual wire arc process. The nickel-aluminide is fabricated in situ through an arc provided by a gas tungsten arc welding process and changing aluminum wire feeding rate. The research findings reveal that at a constant Ni wire feeding rate of 450 mm/min, by decreasing the Al wire feeding rate lower than 800 mm/min, the instability of the melt pool prevents the formation of a uniform deposit on the substrate. Although deposition has been done at an Al wire feeding rate higher than 1600 mm/min, transverse cracks have formed in the clad layer. Increasing the aluminum wire feeding rate from 1000 to 1400 mm/min decreases the dendritic arm size from 9.2 ± 0.1 to 4.1 ± 0.3 μm. Although unreacted nickel is visible in the microstructure at the Al wire feeding rate of 1000 mm/min, at a high feeding rate (1400 mm/min), most of the microstructure contains AlNi and Ni3Al intermetallic compounds. With the rise in Al wire feeding rate from 1000 to 1400 mm/min, both yield strength and ultimate tensile strength increase from 521.45 ± 14.16 to 620.89 ± 16.08 MPa and from 762.11 ± 19.89 to 855.65 ± 21.54 MPa, respectively. Intriguingly, the clad layer's tensile toughness decreases from 26.51 ± 2.43 to 18.32 ± 2.56 MJ m−3. By increasing the wire feeding rate from 1000 to 1400 mm/min, the wear rate at room temperature, 500 °C, and 800 °C increases by 61.2, 45.7, and 44.3%, respectively.

Metallurgical, mechanical, and corrosion behavior of AISI 304L joints welded using variable arc energy inputs and subjected to thermal aging

The effect of three levels of welding arc energy input on the metallurgical, mechanical, and corrosion behavior of AISI 304L stainless steel was studied with the aim of investigating and recommending the most useful range of process parameters for improved performance of engineering structures made from this industrially important alloy. The gas tungsten arc welding process was employed, and all the joints were butt-welded using a single-V groove design. With an increase in heat input, the δ-ferrite phase changed from lathy to vermicular, besides the heat-affected zones of all the welds exhibiting grain coarsening effects. Postweld thermal aging led to the preferential occurrence of carbides in the interdendritic regions, which degraded their corrosion performance. Thermal aging did not affect the tensile strength of these welds, but their ductility was significantly impacted. The extent of segregation of Cr and C, especially, was observed to be the least in the case of low heat input welds. This study establishes that while designing welding procedures for AISI 304L structures, low welding arc energy should be used as it promotes better mechanical as well as corrosion properties.

A new method for refinement of Ti-6Al-4 V prior-β grain structure in the alternating magnetic field assisted narrow gap gas tungsten arc welding (AMF-GTAW) via filler wire oscillation

This study presents a new method for refining Ti-6Al-4 V prior-β grain in the alternating magnetic field assisted narrow gap gas tungsten arc welding (AMF-GTAW) process by stirring the molten pool, which is accomplished directly through the use of an oscillating filler wire. The wire feed rate can be increased from 1.8 m/min to 2.2 m/min by filler wire oscillation in the traditional AMF-GTAW process with minimal heat input. This method greatly increases welding efficiency by efficiently utilizing the energy of the arc and molten pool. Using a high-speed camera, the flow behavior of the molten pool was investigated under different filler wire oscillating amplitudes. The results showed that the oscillation of the filler wire can cause a violent stir in the molten pool. By increasing the oscillating amplitude of filler wire, one can refine the columnar prior-β grain structure and attain a morphology of the upper layer of the welded joint that is nearly equiaxed with crystallographic texture, all while maintaining a fixed heat input. This is because the wire's insertion into the molten pool also creates a negative thermal gradient and the filler wire's high-frequency and high-amplitude oscillation creates an intense convection that prevents randomly oriented nuclei and/or dendrite fragments from remelting and promotes nucleation activation. The oscillating amplitude of 6 mm and the oscillating frequency of 100 Hz are the ideal values for this effect.

Influence of Ni and PWHT on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of GTA-welded duplex stainless steel and super duplex stainless steel joints: A comparative investigation

In the present investigation, a new endeavor has been made to analyze the impact of the secondary process (post-weld heat treatment (PWHT)) as well as Ni addition on the microstructure and mechanical characteristics of welds. Welds between similar joining materials from duplex stainless steels (DSS), as well as super DSS (SDSS), were made by the gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) process. For DSS, after PWHT with the addition of Ni element, the amount of austenite rises and becomes more uniformly distributed with curved boundaries, while for SDSS, the microstructure mainly consists of intergranular and Widmanstätten austenite. According to the comparison of phase percentages obtained based on both ASTM E1245 and ASTM E562, a good balance between ferrite and austenite phases of joint materials was achieved. X-ray diffraction analyses on both joints revealed that phases are mainly ferrite and austenite with different lattice parameters without evidence of unwanted intermetallic phases. The addition of Ni increases the hardness values of DSS weld metal compared to the base metal due to an increased amount of Widmanstätten austenite and ferrite in the microstructure. The lowest ductility was obtained for the SDSS weld sample with the addition of Ni and PWHT because of the existence of secondary austenite in the weld metal and the Widmanstätten morphology of the austenite. The effect of PWHT on the development of microstructure and mechanical behaviors was more than the effect of nickel powder on weld samples.

Evaluation of methods used for simulation of heat-affected zones in duplex stainless steels

AbstractThe weldability of duplex stainless steels partly depends on the ferritization of the high-temperature heat-affected zone (HT-HAZ). This area is rather narrow, and it can be challenging to visualize and determine its actual impact on the properties. To address this, various methods were applied to study the grain growth and austenite reformation in the HT-HAZ of the lean duplex grade UNS S32101. Thermo-mechanical Gleeble® simulations were conducted at 1360 °C with different holding times and cooling rates. Subsequently, the grain size and ferrite content were measured on polished and etched cross-sections. Bead-on-plate welds were performed on the same heat of 6-mm plate thickness using the gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) process. The shielding gas was Ar + 0–8% N2 to illustrate the effect of nitrogen additions on the HT-HAZ morphology. The arc was either stationary, welding at one spot for 0.5–120 s, or travelling at different speeds to generate varying heat inputs and temperature gradients. The thermo-mechanical simulations approximated the results obtained by travelling arc welding and allowed for a more comprehensive investigation. Stationary arc welding was not suitable for HT-HAZ studies as it quickly caused nitrogen depletion and resulted in significantly higher ferrite contents compared to the travelling arc welds.

Experimental and numerical studies on mechanical properties of hot-stamped tailor welded AA7075-T6

AA7075-T6 sheets with 1, 1.5, and 2 mm thicknesses were tailor-welded using the gas tungsten arc welding process. The welded blanks were solution heat treated, hot stamped, and simultaneously quenched to produce U-shaped components, and finally artificially aged. A finite element model using the ABAQUS software was developed to simulate the forming process. The experimental and numerical results showed no rupture in the components. Tensile and hardness tests revealed that the maximum tensile strength, yield strength, and microhardness of the aged specimen were approximately 96%, 93%, and 107% of the initial material, respectively. Maximum and minimum microhardness of 196 and 145 HV were observed in the heat-affected and fusion zones of the specimens, respectively. Increasing the tailoring ratio increased the strengthening behavior of the components. With a tailoring ratio of 1, the maximum and minimum elongations at break were 70% and 40% of the original aluminum sheet for 2 mm and 1 mm thick sheets, respectively.

Effect of Nitrogen‐Added Shielding Gas on Microstructure Evolution of Welded Joints by Gas Tungsten Arc Welding Process in Duplex Stainless Steel 2205

Duplex stainless steels (DSS), due to their high corrosion resistance, primarily attributed to their austenite‐ferrite duplex microstructure, are widely used in industrial sector such as petrolchimical and gas natural industries. Maintaining this microstructure is crucial during manufacturing processes, including welding which presents the challenge of minimizing ferritization in the heat‐affected zone (HAZ) or weld zone (WZ), as it can significantly reduce their corrosion resistance. This work aims to describe the influence of nitrogen gas in the Ar–N2 shielding atmosphere when depositing beads on 2205 DSS plates, using a gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) process. It is observed that at low nitrogen load (98%Ar–2%N2), the austenite content reaches 49% in WZ and 29% in HAZ. When the nitrogen percentage is increased (50%Ar–50%N2), the austenite content rises to 67% and 37%, respectively. The joint is evaluated macro‐ and microstructurally to observe the atmosphere impact on weld bead geometry and microstructural development. Additionally, hardness is assessed throughout the weld bead. The work demonstrates that, with a 50%Ar–50%N2 shielding gas mixture, it is possible to limit the formation of ferrite in the WZ and HAZ of DSS during the welding process, without altering the microhardness trend of the welded joint.

Multi-Objective Optimization of Welding Processes Using Modified Rao Algorithms

The welding community faces a challenging problem in choosing the best welding methods since they are multi-input processes. Modern manufacturing industries have requirements to get fast and optimum process parameters to utilize complete resources in an optimum way. This work attempts to improve the performance of submerged arc welding (SAW), friction welding (FW), and gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) processes by optimizing their parameters. The newly developed Rao algorithms and their modified versions known as quasi-oppositional Rao (QO Rao), self-adaptive multi-population elite Rao (SAMPE Rao), and improved Rao (I-Rao) are used. This paper contains four multi-objective optimization case studies of SAW, FW, and GTAW processes. A weighted approach is employed to tackle the multi-objective optimization problems effectively. The outcomes achieved using the Rao, QO Rao, SAMPE Rao, and I-Rao algorithms are compared with those obtained by the established optimization algorithms such as accelerated cuckoo optimization algorithm (ACCOA), cuckoo optimization algorithm (COA), plant propagation algorithm (PPA), teaching–learning-based optimization (TLBO) algorithm, Jaya algorithm, quasi-oppositional Jaya (QO Jaya) algorithm, genetic algorithm (GA), particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, and heat transfer search (HTS) algorithm. The effectiveness of the Rao algorithms and their modified versions has been clearly demonstrated as these algorithms have provided superior solutions while requiring fewer generations to achieve them.

OPTIMIZATION OF DISSIMILAR WELDING PROCESSES BETWEEN Ti-4V-6Al TITANIUM ALLOYS WITH SS304 STAINLESS STEEL BY GAS TUNGSTEN ARC WELDING PROCESS

This study investigated the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of dissimilar welding processes between Ti-4V-6Al titanium alloys with SS304 stainless steel by gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) process. The intermetallic compounds of the welds were investigated by X-ray diffraction, and the Taguchi method was used in the experimental design. The welding process parameters are welding current (A), welding speeds (B), and Wire feeds (C). ANOVA analysed the S/N ratio of ultimate tensile strength to determine the optimal parameters for statistically significant factors. Analyse for process parameters on the response and the level of the indispensability factor, as well as predict and regression model for optimal tensile strength. The investigation revealed that the optimum parameters were A1B2C2, and the ultimate tensile strength was 285MPa. The ANOVA analysis found that welding current and welding speeds had significance on the ultimate tensile strength of the workpiece at a 95% confidence level. The investigation of intermetallic compounds of the welds with X-ray diffraction technical found that increased welding current tended to cause Ti3Cu and Fe4Cu3 compounds and affected the tensile strength of the weld to decrease.

Investigation of ER308L and ER309L filler wires on dissimilar metals between carbon steel and 3CR12 ferritic stainless steel by GTAW through boiler fabrication in a sugar factory

Dissimilar metal welding is a popular process in very large coal and gold, power generation, and pulp and paper factories. It has mainly been applied to produce large boilers in sugar factories. The aim of the present study was to examine the characteristics of dissimilar metal welded joints made from carbon steel and 3CR12 ferritic stainless steel. The welding specimen was made from filler wires of ER308L and ER309L, and a gas tungsten arc welding process was employed for the V-shaped butt weld joints. The effects of the process parameters, such as the microstructural characteristics and mechanical properties, were investigated. The results from the welding parameters with filler wire of ER308L applied at 70A of welding current showed the microstructure of delta ferrite and austenite. In comparison, 100A of welding current presents delta ferrite, austenite, and martensite. Furthermore, carbide formation was not observed in the fusion zones of any of the experiments. When the ER308L filler wire was used, the amount of delta ferrite was higher than that of the ER309L filler wire, and the amount of delta ferrite increased with increasing hardness. In addition, the results of the filler wire of ER308L could replace the ER309L filler wire, which effectively reduces the material cost.

Dissimilar welding of AISI 201 and 202 low nickel stainless steels by GTA and PA welding processes

This paper presents the results of dissimilar joining techniques for AISI 201 and 202 low nickel austenitic stainless steels. These were welded by Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) and Plasma Arc Welding (PAW). The tests were performed to examine the weld bead shapes, microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosive behavior of the weld metals with different welding processes. The weld bead shape by GTAW was larger than that performed by PAW. The microstructure of the weld metal produced by GTAW contained more delta ferrite in the austenite matrix than the weld metal produced by PAW. The volume of hardness in welds produced by PAW higher than the GTAW process same with the ultimate tensile strength and percentage elongation welds produced by PAW higher than the GTAW process. According to the potentiodynamic polarization test results, pitting corrosion resistance of the weld produced by PAW was higher than the weld produced by GTAW. Both weld metals showed the pitted area adjacent to the phase boundary between austenite and delta ferrite in the mixed microstructure. Based on the present work, it was concluded that PAW was the more suitable welding procedure for joining dissimilar 201 and 202 austenitic stainless steels.

Multi-layer additive manufacturing on nickel-based superalloy by optimization of pulsed mode process parameters of single-layer bead geometry

Recent advancements in the wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) process for nickel-based superalloys have had a substantial impact on metal additive manufacturing industries such as aerospace, energy, and construction. The input process parameters influence the WAAM part's dimensional accuracy, process stability, and other critical impacts. The quality of each weld layers in WAAM can be controlled by various process parameters. In this study, a single-layer bead was deposited from Hastelloy C-22 using the pulsed mode gas tungsten arc welding (PC-GTAW) process. The chosen input process parameters include pulse frequency (X1), peak current (X2), and pulse on time (X3). The design of experiments (DoE) statistical quality tool was used to optimize the parameters, and the response surface m`ethodology (RSM) technique was used to develop the design matrix. The experiments were conducted based on central composite design (CCD), and their resulting responses bead width (Y1), height (Y2), and depth of penetration (Y3) were evaluated using optical microscopy. The results of the geometrical analysis have revealed a significant correlation between the characteristics of the layer and the parameters of the process. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) method was employed to verify the validity of the actual and predicted models. The model was experimentally validated using the established optimal process parameters, and the mechanical and metallurgical performance was evaluated. The microstructure of the single-layer exhibits equiaxed, cellular, and columnar structures at various regions. The pulse mode process was found to effectively reduce elemental segregation, improve the microstructure, and enhance the mechanical properties of the weld layer. The multi-layer experiments were carried out using the optimal process parameters of a single layer. According to metallographic investigations, the multi-layer that has been deposited exhibits a lack of cracks and porosity. This study provides new insights into the stabilized properties necessary to achieve optimal process parameters and metallurgical characteristics in the robust wire arc additive manufacturing of Hastelloy C-22.

Adhesive wear behavior and microstructure of FeCr–FeMn–FeB–C coatings

Abstract This study employs a high-energy-density gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) process to fabricate a surface coating on a substrate of 0.15 percent carbon steel, incorporating powders of FeCr, FeMn, FeB, and graphite. The investigation encompasses a multifaceted approach, utilizing X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical micrograph (OM) analysis, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging, microhardness testing, and adhesive wear testing, with the aim of examining the composite coating’s microstructural attributes, microhardness, and performance under dry-sliding wear conditions. The research findings reveal the formation of diverse carbides and borides, including Mn5C2, Fe3C, B8C, B4C, Fe3B, Fe7C3, FeB, and MnB on the coated surfaces. Notably, the graphite particles within the FeB–FeMn–FeCr–C composite TIG welding coatings exhibit a range of morphologies, varying from sheet-like to dendritic structures.

Study on the Effect of Hydrogen in Argon-Nitrogen Shielding Gas on Pitting Corrosion for Austenitic Stainless Steel by GTA Welding Process

The addition of hydrogen in shielding gas has been found to contribute to increasing the productivity of gas tungsten arc (GTA) welding compared to the processes using argon-nitrogen shielding gas. In this report, the GTA welding joints of AISI 304 stainless steel with Ar-N2 and Ar-N2-H2 addition were fabricated. The microstructure and pitting corrosion resistance were studied in this work. The corrosion characterisation of welds metal was investigated by a potentiodynamic method in NaCl solution. It was found that H2 addition also had effects on delta-ferrite microstructures and corrosion behaviour. Increasing hydrogen in argon-nitrogen shielding gas increased the delta-ferrite content and improved pitting corrosion resistance.

Machine learning approach for weld configuration classification within the GTAW process

In the present study, an attempt has been made to couple experimental data with a machine learning (ML) approach to classify several weld configurations. An ML model has been developed and fed into experimental data captured by several sensors during the gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) process. On the one hand, welding parameters (voltage, current, wire speed, welding speed, etc.) were used to monitor the control energy transmitted during welding. On the other hand, cameras coupled to an image-processing algorithm were employed to capture the weld pool contour in situ. A database was also constructed to store, label, and order the obtained information. This database was then used for the various training, validation, and prediction steps of the ML model. The welding configurations were then classified using a KNN classification algorithm, which was then analyzed for their efficiency (accuracy, processing time, etc.). It was shown that image processing combined with ML can be trained with the features which were extracted to predict the classification of welding configurations. The ultimate perspective of the current study is to realize real-time identification and modification of welding operating conditions.

Investigations on the role of Inconel 82 additions on improving fatigue and corrosion behaviour of gas tungsten arc AISI 316L stainless steel claddings

In the present work, single- and double-weld layers of Inconel 82 were added to 316L stainless steel claddings using the gas tungsten arc welding process with the aim of improving the fatigue and sensitization performance of such clad overlays. These overlays were subjected to a high-temperature sensitization treatment of 750˚C/24 h (air-cooled) to induce precipitation, and then solution treated at 1050˚C/2 h (furnace-cooled) to mitigate the ill effects of intermetallic precipitation. Carbides of types Cr23C6 and Cr7C3 were detected in the aged 316L clad, which occurred interdendritically. These deleterious phases decreased the fatigue crack growth resistance of conventional 316L, but the addition of Inconel 82 resulted in inducing crack-arresting tendencies in it and thus significantly increasing its resistance against fatigue crack propagation. Solution annealing treatment resulted in the dissolution of deleterious phases, due to which the fatigue performance of these clads improved significantly. Among all the specimens, 316L clad with the double layer of Inconel 82 in the solution-annealed condition offered the highest resistance to fatigue crack growth. Corrosion performance evaluated via sensitization studies shows that ageing degraded the corrosion performance of 316L weld overlays, but the addition of Inconel 82 improved it. This study establishes that the addition of Inconel 82 can significantly improve the fatigue and corrosion performance of conventional 316L weld claddings.